Mining geophysics is the study of mineral deposits and how to extract them with geophysical techniques. Seismic, electromagnetic, gravitational, magnetic, and electrical resistivity data can help estimate subsurface geology and mineral reserves. Geophysicists use rock and mineral characteristics to map formations, discover mineralization anomalies, and determine ore body size and depth. This information assists decision-making in mineral exploration, mine planning, and resource management, resulting in more efficient and sustainable mining operations.